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Atrazine chlorohydrolase
Atrazine Chlorohydrolase (AtzA) is an enzyme (E.C.3.8.1.8),〔
(UM-BBD reaction: From Atrazine to Hydroxyatrazine )〕 which catalyzes the conversion of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. Bacterial degradation determines the environmental impact and efficacy of an herbicide or pesticide. Initially, most pesticides are highly effective and show minimal bacterial degradation; however, bacteria can rapidly evolve and gain the ability to metabolize potential nutrients in the environment. Despite a remarkable structural similarity, degradation of atrazine by bacteria capable of melamine degradation was rare; however, since its introduction as a pesticide in the United States, bacteria capable of atrazine degradation have evolved. Currently, ''Pseudomonas'' sp. strain ADP seems to be the optimal bacterial strain for atrazine degradations, which appears to be the sole nitrogen source for the bacteria.〔
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== Reaction ==
AtzA is an atrazine-dechlorinating enzyme with fairly restricted substrate specificity and plays a main role in the hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in soils and groundwater.〔 (Atrazine Hydroxyatrazine ) is a hydrolase (an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond ), which acts on halide bonds in C-halide compounds. In 1993, ''pseudomonas'' sp. strain ADP was shown to degrade atrazine to cyanuric acid via three steps, the first of which is a dechlorination.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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